Three-Part Justice

I've found it useful to think of justice as being composed of three aspects:
  1. Redress of grievances
  2. Prevention of future wrongs
  3. Revenge
Redress of grievances is fairly straight-forward: to put things back the way they were before whatever wrongs were committed.
Prevention of future wrongs is similarly straight-forward: to ensure that whatever wrongs do not happen again.
Revenge is the interesting one. It serves as the 'free weight' by which failures of justice to fulfill the first two aspects can be balanced out s.t. the aggrieved feels okay with the final result. Ex: "In cases of murder, it is generally not possible to bring the victim back to life."
I've observed that the specific weight of revenge is, moreover, a function of the ego of the person who is seeking justice. People with smaller egos tend to prefer justice with little to no elements of revenge [1], whereas people with larger egos tend to prefer justice with outsized or magnified elements of revenge [2].
[1]And even less of the two principle aspects. For some, merely being put right is enough, with no requirement that wrongs cannot happen again. In the most magnanimous case, they may even want no real elements of redress, even if it were possible.
[2]When revenge becomes an outsized element, and the punishment becomes greater than the crime, this is often considered to be a new injustice in its own right. The degenerate corner case is when two parties both insist [2-1] on outsized punishments against each other, which is liable to spin off into a cycle of escalating conflict [2-2].
[2-1]Sometimes, on account of trying to save-face or one-up each other, but more often for the mundane reason of inability to judge the proportionateness of response. Punishments have the tendency to weigh more heavily than rewards of identical size. If both parties believe they are being fair, the discrepancy in their perception of 'fairness' may be enough.
[2-2]Consider the Baker-Howard feud ⬈ in Kentucky.
In the United States, civil lawsuits tend to use monetary sums to balance the books, making distinguishing the relative weights of the three aspects difficult where not itemized. In criminal cases, time in prison, or other penal institutions serves the same, though it usually is incapable of fulfilling 'redress of grievances'.